-Cystoscopy - Additional Information:

  • Advantages:

    • Most sensitive imaging test available to evaluate lower urinary tract
    • Most sensitive test for diagnosis of ectopic ureters
    • Low complication rate

  • Indications:

    • Recurrent/persistent urinary tract infection
    • Hematuria
    • Stranguria
    • Pollakiuria
    • Urinary incontinence
    • Alteration of urinary stream
    • Trauma
    • Cystic or urethral calculi
    • Neoplastic cells in sediment
    • Abnormal radiographic findings
    • Abnormal ultrasound findings

  • Therapeutic Application:

    • Urethral collagen injection:

      • for urethral sphincter incompetence that fails medical management

      • most successful treatment for this condition

  • Patient Selections:

    • Female cats and dogs (large/small breed)

  • Preparations for Procedure:

    • Urinalysis
    • Urine culture
    • For incontinence: rule out PU/PD
    • Rectal examination